DCIS is also known as intraductal carcinoma or stage 0 breast cancer. DCIS is a non-invasive or pre-invasive breast cancer. This means that the cells lining the ducts have turned into cancer cells, but they have not spread through the walls of the ducts into nearby breast tissue. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) refers to the epithelial cells of the breast that have become “cancerous” but are still in their normal place in the ducts and lobules. In this environment, cancer means that there is an abnormal increase in the growth of epithelial cells, which accumulate in the channels and lobules and expand significantly. DCIS is a non-fatal type of cancer because it remains in its normal place. However, DCIS is very important because it is the immediate precursor to invasive breast cancers that are potentially fatal. This article provides a high-level overview of CCIS, including historical perspective, classification methods, current perspective, and future goals. The current view is that most IBCs develop through a non-mandatory series of increasingly abnormal “stages” over long periods of time, in most cases probably decades (Figure 4).
In order, the stages are usually called hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma in situ. DCIS is the most common type of carcinoma in situ (80% to 90%) in the breast, it represents an advanced or late stage of premalignant tumor progression and it is the direct precursor to most IBCs, supported by a variety of circumstantial but convincing evidence (4). For example, almost all IBCs are accompanied by a DCIS, and foci of histological continuity can be found between them (Figure 4) (21). The main risk factors for the development of IBCs are the same for DCIS (11.26). In addition, DCIS diagnosed in the past, especially if not completely eliminated, is an important risk factor for the development of IBCs in the future (7,27-29). DCIS and IBC share many of the same genetic abnormalities, especially if they are in the same breast (4,30). Genetically modified animal models of breast cancer evolve from in situ disease to invasive disease (31,32). Progression from non-invasive to invasive cancer occurs in other organs where it is easier to observe, such as the skin and cervix, so there is abundant biological priority. There is a small chance that the invasive cancer will be found during the final pathological examination after surgical removal of the DCIS. If this happens,” Sun says, “the diagnosis would be improved and additional surgery and other treatments might be needed.
We take each situation individually and the most optimal treatment is tailor-made. This is important because every tumor and every patient is different. » Hormonal (endocrine) treatment. Hormone (endocrine) therapy may be appropriate for those whose ductal carcinoma in situ is positive for hormone receptors. Physicians can describe DCIS in different ways. These include pre-invasive, non-invasive, ductal or intraductal intraepithelial neoplasms (DINs). Invasive breast cancers (IBCs) are thought to develop through a non-mandatory set of increasingly abnormal “stages” called hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma in situ over long periods of time, in most cases probably decades. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the main type of breast cancer in situ (80% to 90%) and an advanced stage of breast cancer development. Many types of evidence support the hypothesis that DCIS are the immediate precursor to IBCs, including histological continuity points (right microphotography).
Adjuvant treatment in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: Pandora M Lazzeroni and other cancer treatment reviews, 2017, April;55: Pages 1-9 A relatively new approach to classifying ductal cancer in situ is based on the degree to which tumor cells resemble normal cells (called differentiation) and the rate at which cells multiply. Histological notation systems have been developed that assign scores or points to mediate the size of certain cellular features of the tumor, such as the degree of glandular or papillary formation, the size and shape of the nucleus, the mitotic rate, and the extent of central necrosis. There are several methods and their details vary, but most recognize three grades that are good (grade 1), moderate (grade 2) and bad (grade 3) differentiated. However, there is no accepted standard method for scoring. DCIS = ductal carcinoma in situ. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the presence of abnormal cells in a milk duct of the breast. The female human breast is made up of thousands of clusters of small grape-like glands lined with milk-producing epithelial cells called terminal lobular units (EDLDs). Milk spreads outward through a series of interconnected and increasingly large channels that leave the nipple. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) refers to the epithelial cells of the breast that have become “cancerous” but are still in their normal place. In this environment, cancer means that there is an abnormal increase in the growth of epithelial cells, which accumulate in the glands and ducts and expand significantly. About 1 in 5 new breast cancers will be ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).
Almost all women with this early stage of breast cancer can be cured. How often you have exams depends on your individual situation, but you can have them for at least 5 years. This may include annual mammograms. The normal female human breast contains tens of thousands of lobules, which are small collections of grape-like glands lined with epithelial cells specializing in milk production (1). The lobules are connected by small channels that connect to form larger channels that eventually leak through the nipple and transmit milk to feed our young (Figure 1). Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) refers to the epithelial cells of the breast that have become “cancerous” but are still in their normal place in the ducts and lobules. In this environment, cancer means that the growth of epithelial cells, which accumulate and expand significantly in the channels and lobules, increases abnormally (Figure 1). DCIS is a non-fatal type of cancer because it remains in its normal place. However, DCIS is very important because it is the immediate precursor to life-threatening invasive breast cancers (IBCs) (2-4).
Mastectomy. Some patients have ductal carcinoma in situ in more than one quadrant of the same breast (multicenter breast disease). Sometimes the DCIS is very large relative to the size of the patient`s breasts. In these situations, a mastectomy (with or without immediate reconstruction) is needed to treat malignant cells that are more prevalent. Radiation therapy is not necessary for DCIS treated with mastectomy. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a type of breast cancer in which cancer cells line your milk ducts in one or both breasts. Milk ducts are tubes that carry milk from the lobes of your breasts to your nipples so that you can breastfeed (breastfeed). The cancer is “in situ” or is (contained) in your milk ducts. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) means that the cells lining the milk ducts of the breast have become cancerous but have not spread to the surrounding breast tissue.
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is one of the most treatable cancers. It usually doesn`t spread beyond your milk ducts and rarely comes back after breast-conserving surgery. Talk to your doctor about the benefits of your treatment options over possible side effects or complications. Several factors determine the type of surgery that is best for you. Similarly, weigh the pros and cons of additional treatments such as hormone therapy with your provider. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a disease that affects the cells of the milk ducts of the breast. The cells lining the milk ducts become malignant (cancerous), but remain in place (in situ). DCIS is an early form of breast cancer. It is non-invasive – malignant cells do not grow through the wall of the canal or do not spread to the lymph nodes or bloodstream. Ductal carcinoma in situ does not have specific symptoms such as a lump or chest pain. “Most cases are diagnosed by mammography before causing symptoms,” Sun says. DCIS most often appears on a mammogram as new calcium deposits, but not always – sometimes a distortion of breast tissue on the scan can be a sign of DCIS.
Because DCIS is contained in a specific area of your breast and has not spread, the disease can be controlled and cured with proper treatment. After treatment, the results are usually excellent. DCIS rarely reappears after treatment. When BCS is performed, radiation therapy usually follows. This reduces the likelihood that the cancer will return to the same breast (either as dCIS or as invasive cancer). BCS without radiation therapy is not a standard treatment, but it could be an option for older women, women with other significant health problems, or women who have had small areas of low-grade DCIS that have been removed with sufficiently large cancer-free surgical margins.